The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene.
Identifieur interne : 001643 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001642; suivant : 001644The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene.
Auteurs : Colin N. Waters [Royaume-Uni] ; Jan Zalasiewicz [Royaume-Uni] ; Colin Summerhayes [Royaume-Uni] ; Anthony D. Barnosky [États-Unis] ; Clément Poirier [France] ; Agnieszka Gałuszka [Pologne] ; Alejandro Cearreta [Espagne] ; Matt Edgeworth [Royaume-Uni] ; Erle C. Ellis [États-Unis] ; Michael Ellis [Royaume-Uni] ; Catherine Jeandel [France] ; Reinhold Leinfelder [Allemagne] ; J R Mcneill [États-Unis] ; Daniel Deb Richter [États-Unis] ; Will Steffen [Australie] ; James Syvitski [États-Unis] ; Davor Vidas [Norvège] ; Michael Wagreich [Autriche] ; Mark Williams [Royaume-Uni] ; An Zhisheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jacques Grinevald [Suisse] ; Eric Odada [Kenya] ; Naomi Oreskes [États-Unis] ; Alexander P. Wolfe [Canada]Source :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 1095-9203 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Activités humaines, Aluminium (analyse), Biote, Climat, Combustibles fossiles (effets indésirables), Cycle du carbone, Espèce introduite, Glace (analyse), Humains, Matières plastiques (analyse), Matériaux de construction (analyse), Radio-isotopes (analyse), Retombées radioactives (analyse), Sédiments géologiques (), Terre (planète).
- MESH :
- analyse : Aluminium, Glace, Matières plastiques, Matériaux de construction, Radio-isotopes, Retombées radioactives.
- effets indésirables : Combustibles fossiles.
- Activités humaines, Biote, Climat, Cycle du carbone, Espèce introduite, Humains, Sédiments géologiques, Terre (planète).
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aluminum (analysis), Biota, Carbon Cycle, Climate, Construction Materials (analysis), Earth (Planet), Fossil Fuels (adverse effects), Geologic Sediments (chemistry), Human Activities, Humans, Ice (analysis), Introduced Species, Plastics (analysis), Radioactive Fallout (analysis), Radioisotopes (analysis).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Fossil Fuels.
- chemical , analysis : Aluminum, Ice, Plastics, Radioactive Fallout, Radioisotopes.
- analysis : Construction Materials.
- chemistry : Geologic Sediments.
- Biota, Carbon Cycle, Climate, Earth (Planet), Human Activities, Humans, Introduced Species.
Abstract
Human activity is leaving a pervasive and persistent signature on Earth. Vigorous debate continues about whether this warrants recognition as a new geologic time unit known as the Anthropocene. We review anthropogenic markers of functional changes in the Earth system through the stratigraphic record. The appearance of manufactured materials in sediments, including aluminum, plastics, and concrete, coincides with global spikes in fallout radionuclides and particulates from fossil fuel combustion. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles have been substantially modified over the past century. Rates of sea-level rise and the extent of human perturbation of the climate system exceed Late Holocene changes. Biotic changes include species invasions worldwide and accelerating rates of extinction. These combined signals render the Anthropocene stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene and earlier epochs.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2622
PubMed: 26744408
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Canada, Espagne, France, Kenya, Norvège, Pologne, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, États-Unis
- Basse-Normandie, Berlin, Californie, Caroline du Nord, Colorado, District de Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Midi-Pyrénées, Occitanie (région administrative), Région Normandie
- Berlin, Caen, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Pékin, Toulouse
- Université Harvard, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
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Le document en format XML
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Sea Programme, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Affairs and Law of the Sea Programme, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lysaker</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagreich, Michael" sort="Wagreich, Michael" uniqKey="Wagreich M" first="Michael" last="Wagreich">Michael Wagreich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Mark" sort="Williams, Mark" uniqKey="Williams M" first="Mark" last="Williams">Mark Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhisheng, An" sort="Zhisheng, An" uniqKey="Zhisheng A" first="An" last="Zhisheng">An Zhisheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 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Waters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nottingham NG12 5GG</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zalasiewicz, Jan" sort="Zalasiewicz, Jan" uniqKey="Zalasiewicz J" first="Jan" last="Zalasiewicz">Jan Zalasiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Summerhayes, Colin" sort="Summerhayes, Colin" uniqKey="Summerhayes C" first="Colin" last="Summerhayes">Colin Summerhayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB2 1ER</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnosky, Anthony D" sort="Barnosky, Anthony D" uniqKey="Barnosky A" first="Anthony D" last="Barnosky">Anthony D. Barnosky</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Paleontology, and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Paleontology, and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poirier, Clement" sort="Poirier, Clement" uniqKey="Poirier C" first="Clément" last="Poirier">Clément Poirier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, Université de Caen Normandie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 24 Rue des Tilleuls, F-14000 Caen, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, Université de Caen Normandie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 24 Rue des Tilleuls, F-14000 Caen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galuszka, Agnieszka" sort="Galuszka, Agnieszka" uniqKey="Galuszka A" first="Agnieszka" last="Gałuszka">Agnieszka Gałuszka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Geochemistry and the Environment Division, Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 15G Świętokrzyska Street, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Geochemistry and the Environment Division, Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 15G Świętokrzyska Street, 25-406 Kielce</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>25-406 Kielce</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cearreta, Alejandro" sort="Cearreta, Alejandro" uniqKey="Cearreta A" first="Alejandro" last="Cearreta">Alejandro Cearreta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>48080 Bilbao</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edgeworth, Matt" sort="Edgeworth, Matt" uniqKey="Edgeworth M" first="Matt" last="Edgeworth">Matt Edgeworth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellis, Erle C" sort="Ellis, Erle C" uniqKey="Ellis E" first="Erle C" last="Ellis">Erle C. Ellis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellis, Michael" sort="Ellis, Michael" uniqKey="Ellis M" first="Michael" last="Ellis">Michael Ellis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nottingham NG12 5GG</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeandel, Catherine" sort="Jeandel, Catherine" uniqKey="Jeandel C" first="Catherine" last="Jeandel">Catherine Jeandel</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (CNRS, Centre National d'Études Spatiales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paul Sabatier), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (CNRS, Centre National d'Études Spatiales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paul Sabatier), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31400 Toulouse</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leinfelder, Reinhold" sort="Leinfelder, Reinhold" uniqKey="Leinfelder R" first="Reinhold" last="Leinfelder">Reinhold Leinfelder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100/D, 12249 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100/D, 12249 Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneill, J R" sort="Mcneill, J R" uniqKey="Mcneill J" first="J R" last="Mcneill">J R Mcneill</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Georgetown University, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richter, Daniel Deb" sort="Richter, Daniel Deb" uniqKey="Richter D" first="Daniel Deb" last="Richter">Daniel Deb Richter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90233, Durham, NC 27516, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90233, Durham, NC 27516</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steffen, Will" sort="Steffen, Will" uniqKey="Steffen W" first="Will" last="Steffen">Will Steffen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 0200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syvitski, James" sort="Syvitski, James" uniqKey="Syvitski J" first="James" last="Syvitski">James Syvitski</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, Box 545, Boulder, CO 80309-0545, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, Box 545, Boulder, CO 80309-0545</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidas, Davor" sort="Vidas, Davor" uniqKey="Vidas D" first="Davor" last="Vidas">Davor Vidas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Affairs and Law of the Sea Programme, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Affairs and Law of the Sea Programme, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lysaker</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagreich, Michael" sort="Wagreich, Michael" uniqKey="Wagreich M" first="Michael" last="Wagreich">Michael Wagreich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A-1090 Vienna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Mark" sort="Williams, Mark" uniqKey="Williams M" first="Mark" last="Williams">Mark Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhisheng, An" sort="Zhisheng, An" uniqKey="Zhisheng A" first="An" last="Zhisheng">An Zhisheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grinevald, Jacques" sort="Grinevald, Jacques" uniqKey="Grinevald J" first="Jacques" last="Grinevald">Jacques Grinevald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Hautes Études Internationales et du Développement, Chemin Eugène Rigot 2, 1211 Genève 11, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Hautes Études Internationales et du Développement, Chemin Eugène Rigot 2, 1211 Genève 11</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1211 Genève 11</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odada, Eric" sort="Odada, Eric" uniqKey="Odada E" first="Eric" last="Odada">Eric Odada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oreskes, Naomi" sort="Oreskes, Naomi" uniqKey="Oreskes N" first="Naomi" last="Oreskes">Naomi Oreskes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, Alexander P" sort="Wolfe, Alexander P" uniqKey="Wolfe A" first="Alexander P" last="Wolfe">Alexander P. Wolfe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alberta T6G 2E9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aluminum (analysis)</term><term>Biota</term><term>Carbon Cycle</term><term>Climate</term><term>Construction Materials (analysis)</term><term>Earth (Planet)</term><term>Fossil Fuels (adverse effects)</term><term>Geologic Sediments (chemistry)</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Humans</term><term>Ice (analysis)</term><term>Introduced Species</term><term>Plastics (analysis)</term><term>Radioactive Fallout (analysis)</term><term>Radioisotopes (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines</term><term>Aluminium (analyse)</term><term>Biote</term><term>Climat</term><term>Combustibles fossiles (effets indésirables)</term><term>Cycle du carbone</term><term>Espèce introduite</term><term>Glace (analyse)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Matières plastiques (analyse)</term><term>Matériaux de construction (analyse)</term><term>Radio-isotopes (analyse)</term><term>Retombées radioactives (analyse)</term><term>Sédiments géologiques ()</term><term>Terre (planète)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Fossil Fuels</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Aluminum</term><term>Ice</term><term>Plastics</term><term>Radioactive Fallout</term><term>Radioisotopes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aluminium</term><term>Glace</term><term>Matières plastiques</term><term>Matériaux de construction</term><term>Radio-isotopes</term><term>Retombées radioactives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Construction Materials</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Geologic Sediments</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Combustibles fossiles</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biota</term><term>Carbon Cycle</term><term>Climate</term><term>Earth (Planet)</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Humans</term><term>Introduced Species</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines</term><term>Biote</term><term>Climat</term><term>Cycle du carbone</term><term>Espèce introduite</term><term>Humains</term><term>Sédiments géologiques</term><term>Terre (planète)</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Human activity is leaving a pervasive and persistent signature on Earth. Vigorous debate continues about whether this warrants recognition as a new geologic time unit known as the Anthropocene. We review anthropogenic markers of functional changes in the Earth system through the stratigraphic record. The appearance of manufactured materials in sediments, including aluminum, plastics, and concrete, coincides with global spikes in fallout radionuclides and particulates from fossil fuel combustion. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles have been substantially modified over the past century. Rates of sea-level rise and the extent of human perturbation of the climate system exceed Late Holocene changes. Biotic changes include species invasions worldwide and accelerating rates of extinction. These combined signals render the Anthropocene stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene and earlier epochs.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Basse-Normandie</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Californie</li><li>Caroline du Nord</li><li>Colorado</li><li>District de Columbia</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Région Normandie</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li><li>Caen</li><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li><li>Pékin</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li><li>Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Waters, Colin N" sort="Waters, Colin N" uniqKey="Waters C" first="Colin N" last="Waters">Colin N. Waters</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Edgeworth, Matt" sort="Edgeworth, Matt" uniqKey="Edgeworth M" first="Matt" last="Edgeworth">Matt Edgeworth</name><name sortKey="Ellis, Michael" sort="Ellis, Michael" uniqKey="Ellis M" first="Michael" last="Ellis">Michael Ellis</name><name sortKey="Summerhayes, Colin" sort="Summerhayes, Colin" uniqKey="Summerhayes C" first="Colin" last="Summerhayes">Colin Summerhayes</name><name sortKey="Williams, Mark" sort="Williams, Mark" uniqKey="Williams M" first="Mark" last="Williams">Mark Williams</name><name sortKey="Zalasiewicz, Jan" sort="Zalasiewicz, Jan" uniqKey="Zalasiewicz J" first="Jan" last="Zalasiewicz">Jan Zalasiewicz</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Barnosky, Anthony D" sort="Barnosky, Anthony D" uniqKey="Barnosky A" first="Anthony D" last="Barnosky">Anthony D. Barnosky</name></region><name sortKey="Ellis, Erle C" sort="Ellis, Erle C" uniqKey="Ellis E" first="Erle C" last="Ellis">Erle C. Ellis</name><name sortKey="Mcneill, J R" sort="Mcneill, J R" uniqKey="Mcneill J" first="J R" last="Mcneill">J R Mcneill</name><name sortKey="Oreskes, Naomi" sort="Oreskes, Naomi" uniqKey="Oreskes N" first="Naomi" last="Oreskes">Naomi Oreskes</name><name sortKey="Richter, Daniel Deb" sort="Richter, Daniel Deb" uniqKey="Richter D" first="Daniel Deb" last="Richter">Daniel Deb Richter</name><name sortKey="Syvitski, James" sort="Syvitski, James" uniqKey="Syvitski J" first="James" last="Syvitski">James Syvitski</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Région Normandie"><name sortKey="Poirier, Clement" sort="Poirier, Clement" uniqKey="Poirier C" first="Clément" last="Poirier">Clément Poirier</name></region><name sortKey="Jeandel, Catherine" sort="Jeandel, Catherine" uniqKey="Jeandel C" first="Catherine" last="Jeandel">Catherine Jeandel</name></country><country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Galuszka, Agnieszka" sort="Galuszka, Agnieszka" uniqKey="Galuszka A" first="Agnieszka" last="Gałuszka">Agnieszka Gałuszka</name></noRegion></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cearreta, Alejandro" sort="Cearreta, Alejandro" uniqKey="Cearreta A" first="Alejandro" last="Cearreta">Alejandro Cearreta</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Leinfelder, Reinhold" sort="Leinfelder, Reinhold" uniqKey="Leinfelder R" first="Reinhold" last="Leinfelder">Reinhold Leinfelder</name></region></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Steffen, Will" sort="Steffen, Will" uniqKey="Steffen W" first="Will" last="Steffen">Will Steffen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vidas, Davor" sort="Vidas, Davor" uniqKey="Vidas D" first="Davor" last="Vidas">Davor Vidas</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wagreich, Michael" sort="Wagreich, Michael" uniqKey="Wagreich M" first="Michael" last="Wagreich">Michael Wagreich</name></noRegion></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhisheng, An" sort="Zhisheng, An" uniqKey="Zhisheng A" first="An" last="Zhisheng">An Zhisheng</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grinevald, Jacques" sort="Grinevald, Jacques" uniqKey="Grinevald J" first="Jacques" last="Grinevald">Jacques Grinevald</name></noRegion></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Odada, Eric" sort="Odada, Eric" uniqKey="Odada E" first="Eric" last="Odada">Eric Odada</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wolfe, Alexander P" sort="Wolfe, Alexander P" uniqKey="Wolfe A" first="Alexander P" last="Wolfe">Alexander P. Wolfe</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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